{"id":21,"date":"2014-08-28T14:27:55","date_gmt":"2014-08-28T18:27:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/?p=21"},"modified":"2017-12-31T12:48:56","modified_gmt":"2017-12-31T17:48:56","slug":"avoid-using-flags-to-designate-languages","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/avoid-using-flags-to-designate-languages\/","title":{"rendered":"Avoid using flags to designate languages"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Web designers use flags as a convenient shorthand to stand for languages on multilingual websites. For example, a site available in French, English, Spanish and Japanese might show a French flag, a Union Jack (or an American flag), a Spanish flag and a Japanese flag. Unfortunately <strong>there are a lot of problems<\/strong> that the use of flags in language selectors invites, especially for <strong>languages that are used by several countries<\/strong>, like German, Spanish, English, French and Chinese.<\/p>\n<p>There are lots of people who may be offended \u2013 or at the very least, perturbed \u2013 by an American flag to represent English: Canadians, British people, Australians and New Zealanders for example (and you may also offend <a href=\"https:\/\/www.quora.com\/How-do-Americans-feel-when-a-website-uses-the-British-flag-to-symbolize-the-English-language\">Americans who recognise their dialect doesn\u2019t represent the totality of the English-speaking world<\/a>). A Union Jack for English may offend or confuse non-British, but English-speaking, users like Americans, South Africans, Canadians and Irish people. If you want to mark a specific dialect of a language, write something like <em>Portugu\u00eas do Brasil<\/em> or <em>Portugu\u00eas brasileiro<\/em> rather than using a Brazilian flag. And sometimes the flag doesn\u2019t even match the dialect being used; examples include websites that have an English option that\u2019s marked with the Union Jack, but the site itself is full of American spellings (or vice versa, where the American flag is used, but the English variant used is a Commonwealth version), or even worse, Brazilian Portuguese websites that use the flag of Portugal (which can confuse European or African Portuguese-speakers visiting the site and expecting European Portuguese).<\/p>\n<p>Not to mention there are some <strong>countries that have multiple languages<\/strong>: India, China, Belgium, Nigeria, South Africa, Switzerland and Canada, for example. What language would you choose if you used an Indian flag? It could represent Hindi, Gujarati, Punjabi, English or Kannada, amongst others.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bad:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/de_DE.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-23\" src=\"http:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/de_DE.png\" alt=\"German flag\" width=\"16\" height=\"11\" \/><\/a> Deutsch &#8211; German is also spoken in Switzerland, Austria and Belgium.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/en_GB.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24\" src=\"http:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/en_GB.png\" alt=\"Union Jack\" width=\"16\" height=\"11\" \/><\/a> English &#8211; English is spoken in multiple countries, not just the UK. The Union Jack is preferable to the American flag, since English did originate in one of the UK&#8217;s constituent countries, not the US. But it&#8217;s still not a good choice.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/en_US.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-25\" src=\"http:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/en_US.png\" alt=\"American flag\" width=\"16\" height=\"11\" \/><\/a> English &#8211; Using an American flag can be annoying or offensive to British, Canadian, Australian and other non-American speakers. English did not originate in the US.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2017-11-03-a\u0300-14.13.54.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-229\" src=\"http:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2017-11-03-a\u0300-14.13.54.png\" alt=\"Flag of England\" width=\"27\" height=\"17\" \/><\/a>English &#8211; Using the flag of England may be confusing if you don\u2019t recognise it.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/es_ES.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26\" src=\"http:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/es_ES.png\" alt=\"Spanish flag\" width=\"16\" height=\"11\" \/><\/a> Espa\u00f1ol &#8211; Using a Spanish flag may be confusing if you\u2019re using a Latin American Spanish dialect. Also, Castilian Spanish is one of many languages spoken in Spain; others include Basque, Catalan and Galician.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2017-11-03-a\u0300-14.15.58.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-230\" src=\"http:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2017-11-03-a\u0300-14.15.58.png\" alt=\"Mexican flag\" width=\"24\" height=\"21\" \/><\/a> Espa\u00f1ol &#8211; Spanish is spoken elsewhere, and Spanish did not originate in Mexico. Using a Mexican flag to represent Latin American Spanish is wrong. There are many other Spanish-speaking countries in Latin America, including Guatemala, Argentina, Honduras, El Salvador and Colombia.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/pt_PT.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-27\" src=\"http:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/pt_PT.png\" alt=\"Portuguese flag\" width=\"16\" height=\"11\" \/><\/a> Portugu\u00eas &#8211; Using a Portuguese flag can confuse or annoy Brazilian users if you\u2019re using Brazilian Portuguese despite using the Portuguese flag. If the flag of Portugal is used to label Brazilian Portuguese, it may also mislead users who may be expecting European or African Portuguese because of the flag.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/pt_BR.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-28\" src=\"http:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/pt_BR.png\" alt=\"Brazilian flag\" width=\"16\" height=\"11\" \/><\/a> Portugu\u00eas &#8211; Potentially misleading or offensive to users from Portugal, Cape Verde or other countries that speak Portuguese. Portuguese did not originate in Brazil.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>There are a few cases when there\u2019s a one-to-one correspondence between language and the country associated with it, like Japanese, Turkish and Danish. But with large pluricentric languages like Chinese, English, Portuguese, French, Spanish and German, it\u2019s not a good idea to have languages indicated with flags.<\/p>\n<p>Countries like South Africa, India and China have large numbers of official or common languages. What language would a South African, Indian or Chinese flag represent? China alone contains nearly 300 languages. India has sixteen recognised languages. South Africa has eleven official languages. Not to mention that Mandarin Chinese is a pluricentric language that\u2019s spoken outside Mainland China, as is Cantonese.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Examples of what not to do seen in the wild:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Panic.com blog: English is labelled with an American flag on the blog page, and Japanese is labelled with a Japanese flag &#8211; and with its own name in kanji and an English translation. These flags are redundant.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Screen-Shot-2014-05-07-at-13.14.11.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-29\" src=\"http:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Screen-Shot-2014-05-07-at-13.14.11-300x162.png\" alt=\"Screen Shot 2014-05-07 at 13.14.11\" width=\"300\" height=\"162\" srcset=\"https:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Screen-Shot-2014-05-07-at-13.14.11-300x162.png 300w, https:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Screen-Shot-2014-05-07-at-13.14.11.png 662w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>I like Panic. I use their Coda product regularly. But it\u2019s a shame to see them resorting to this frustrating trope, especially with the American flag used for English. Just label the languages without the flags &#8211; the names are already there. The flag is admittedly less of a problem for Japanese than it is for English, but I stand by the principle that is never a good idea to label languages with flags.<\/p>\n<p>This French lyrics site offers an English translation, which is indicated with a Union Jack. The word \u2018English\u2019 would be better and more recognisable &#8211; people visiting the site from the US, Canada or other countries may think the Union Jack button without an accompanying \u2018English\u2019 label means they\u2019re being taken to a UK-centric site.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-30\" src=\"http:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Screen-Shot-2014-05-07-at-13.16.53-300x48.png\" alt=\"Screenshot of English language selector, represented by a circular Union Jack button\" width=\"300\" height=\"48\" srcset=\"https:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Screen-Shot-2014-05-07-at-13.16.53-300x48.png 300w, https:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Screen-Shot-2014-05-07-at-13.16.53-1024x166.png 1024w, https:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Screen-Shot-2014-05-07-at-13.16.53.png 1230w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>At oldapps.com, flags are used for languages. An American flag is used for English &#8211; again, English did not originate in the US. They didn\u2019t use a Mexican flag for Spanish, did they? Even worse, <em>Chinese and Spanish are labelled in English<\/em> instead of in their own languages, though German says \u2018Deutsch\u2019 as it should. It\u2019s not even consistent. I can say that this is the <strong>worst language selector I&#8217;ve ever seen<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Screen-Shot-2014-06-12-at-13.03.10.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-31\" src=\"http:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Screen-Shot-2014-06-12-at-13.03.10-300x130.png\" alt=\"Language selector with flags. Spanish and Chinese are labelled in English.\" width=\"300\" height=\"130\" srcset=\"https:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Screen-Shot-2014-06-12-at-13.03.10-300x130.png 300w, https:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/Screen-Shot-2014-06-12-at-13.03.10.png 482w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Don\u2019t use flags for languages<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Here&#8217;s what you can do instead:<\/strong><br \/>\n<em> Languages<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Deutsch (Deutschland)<\/li>\n<li>Deutsch (\u00d6sterreich)<\/li>\n<li>Deutsch (Schweiz)<\/li>\n<li>English (UK)<\/li>\n<li>English (US)<\/li>\n<li>English (Canada)<\/li>\n<li>Espa\u00f1ol (Espa\u00f1a)<\/li>\n<li>Espa\u00f1ol (Latinoam\u00e9rica)<\/li>\n<li>Fran\u00e7ais (France)<\/li>\n<li>Fran\u00e7ais (Belgique)<\/li>\n<li>Fran\u00e7ais (Canada)<\/li>\n<li>Portugu\u00eas (Brasil)<\/li>\n<li>Portugu\u00eas (Portugal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Countries<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/en_GB1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-32\" src=\"http:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/en_GB1.png\" alt=\"The Union Jack.\" width=\"16\" height=\"11\" \/><\/a> Click for UK orders<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/en_US.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-25\" src=\"http:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/en_US.png\" alt=\"American flag\" width=\"16\" height=\"11\" \/><\/a> Click for US orders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If you&#8217;d like to read a blog dedicated to the criticism of flags to indicate languages, you can visit <a href=\"http:\/\/www.flagsarenotlanguages.com\">Flags are not languages<\/a> &#8211; an excellent resource for anyone developing multilingual websites.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Web designers use flags as a convenient shorthand to stand for languages on multilingual websites. For example, a site available in French, English, Spanish and Japanese might show a French flag, a Union Jack (or an American flag), a Spanish flag and a Japanese flag. Unfortunately there are a lot of problems that the use&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/avoid-using-flags-to-designate-languages\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Avoid using flags to designate languages<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":31,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,4],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":249,"href":"https:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21\/revisions\/249"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/expectedly.org\/inclusivetech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}